Are you or a loved one living with a stoma and feeling overwhelmed by all the information out there? Look no further! In this blog, we will break down everything you need to know about What is a stoma & how to care for them. So sit back, relax, and get ready to become an expert on all things stomas!
What is a Stoma and its Purpose?
Stoma is an important aspect of the human body that many people may not be familiar with. In simple terms, a stoma is an opening in the abdomen used to remove waste from the body. Depending on individual circumstances, this opening is surgically created and can be temporary or permanent.
“Stoma” comes from the Greek word “stomatos,” which means mouth or opening. The most common types of stomas are colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy. Each type serves a specific purpose in removing waste from different parts of the digestive or urinary system.
Stomas also serve a vital role in allowing individuals with conditions such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or colorectal cancer to continue living their lives without interruption. They help these individuals manage their symptoms and maintain independence that may have otherwise been compromised.
In addition to waste management, stomas can be used for medication delivery, nutrition intake, and wound healing. Sometimes, they may be temporary and eventually closed through a reversal surgery once the underlying condition has been resolved.
Types of Stomas and Their Functions
There are several types of stomas, each with a unique function and purpose. In this section, we will explore the most common types of stomas and their functions.
Colostomy
A colostomy is a type of stoma that is created from the large intestine or colon. It is usually located on the left side of the abdomen and can be temporary or permanent depending on the reason for its creation. The function of a colostomy is to divert waste products from the digestive system through an opening in the abdominal wall, allowing them to exit through a stoma bag attached to it.
Ileostomy
An ileostomy is similar to a colostomy, but it is created from the small intestine rather than the large intestine. It is usually located on the right side of the abdomen and may be temporary or permanent. The main function of an ileostomy is to bypass any damaged or diseased parts of the small intestine, allowing waste products to exit through a stoma bag.
Urostomy
A urostomy is a type of stoma that diverts urine from either one or both kidneys due to bladder issues, such as cancer or birth defects. This stoma can be located on either side of the abdomen and has two components – one for collecting urine and another for releasing mucus secretions inside the body.
Mucus Fistula
A mucus fistula (an enterocutaneous fistula) is not technically considered a stoma. Still, it serves a similar function by creating an opening in the abdominal wall for mucus secretion release. This stoma may occur due to surgery complications or certain illnesses affecting organs like the intestines, stomach, or pancreas.
Tracheostomy
Unlike the other types mentioned above, tracheostomies do not involve altering or bypassing the digestive system. Instead, they create an opening in the neck for breathing when a person cannot do so through their nose and mouth. This type of stoma may be temporary or permanent, and its function is to improve breathing by providing an alternate route for air passage.
Common Reasons for Stoma Surgery
Here are some common reasons why someone may need stoma surgery:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract. This includes conditions such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which can lead to symptoms like severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. In some cases, these conditions can damage the intestines, making a stoma necessary.
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. When this type of cancer affects the large intestine or rectum, it may become necessary to remove part or all of these organs through surgery. If this occurs, a stoma may be needed to create an alternate route for waste elimination.
Traumatic Injuries
Severe injuries to the abdomen or pelvic area can sometimes damage the intestines and require surgical intervention. This could be due to car accidents, gunshot wounds, or other types of trauma. Stoma surgery may be performed to bypass damaged areas and allow healing without complications.
Birth Defects
Some babies are born with congenital defects that affect their digestive system and require them to undergo stoma surgery at birth or shortly after. These defects include imperforate anus (when there is no opening at the end of the digestive tract) and Hirschsprung’s disease (when nerve cells are missing from parts of the colon).
Diverticulitis
Diverticula are small pouches that can form in the walls of the large intestine, a condition known as diverticulosis. When these pouches become infected or inflamed, it is called diverticulitis. This can be treated with antibiotics in milder cases, but severe cases may require surgery to remove part of the colon and create a stoma.
Some various medical conditions and circumstances may lead to the need for stoma surgery. While this procedure may seem overwhelming initially, it is important to understand that it can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals requiring it. If you are facing stoma surgery or have recently had one performed, know that there are resources and support available to help you adjust and manage your new lifestyle effectively.
Living with a Stoma: Adjustments and Care Tips
Living with a stoma can be a challenging adjustment for many individuals. It is important to remember that this is a significant change and may take time to adapt to the new lifestyle. In this section, we will discuss some tips and adjustments that can help make living with a stoma more manageable.
Understanding Your Stoma
The first step in adjusting to living with a stoma is understanding its function and purpose. A stoma is an opening created on the abdomen during surgery, which allows waste products from the digestive or urinary system to exit the body. Different types of stomas, such as colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy, require different care methods. Understanding your specific type of stoma, its location on your body, and how it functions is essential.
Proper Cleaning and Hygiene
Keeping the skin around your stoma clean is crucial for preventing infections or skin irritation. You should clean the area daily using warm water and mild soap or specialized ostomy cleansers recommended by your healthcare provider. Avoid using harsh chemicals or wipes containing alcohol as they can irritate the sensitive skin around your stoma.
Choosing Stoma Supplies
Various supplies, such as bags/pouches, adhesive strips/tapes, and powders/creams, are available for managing a stoma. Finding the right combination of supplies that suits you best may initially require trial and error, but stick with it once you find what works best for you! Make sure to always have extra supplies on hand in case of emergencies or unexpected changes in bowel movements.
Balanced Diet and Nutrition
Eating well-balanced meals rich in fiber helps regulate bowel movements and maintain regularity, which prevents potential issues related to constipation (colostomies) or loose stools (ileostomies). Drinking plenty of fluids also helps maintain hydration levels and can prevent blockages.
Physical Activity
Engaging in physical activity is essential for maintaining overall health and wellness. Many individuals with stomas may feel hesitant or self-conscious about participating in activities due to concerns about their stoma bag leaking. Still, this should not be an issue with the right supplies and proper hygiene. Speak to your healthcare provider about any specific concerns you may have regarding physical activities.
Emotional Support
Living with a stoma can also take a toll on one’s emotional well-being. It is important to seek support from friends, family, or support groups who understand what you are going through. Your healthcare team can also provide valuable resources to help you cope with the changes and challenges associated with living with a stoma.
Although adapting to life with a stoma may seem overwhelming at first, remember that it takes time and patience. With proper care, support, and adjustments, many individuals live happy and fulfilling lives after undergoing ostomy surgery.
Conclusion
Therefore, understanding a stoma can significantly alleviate concerns and uncertainties surrounding this medical condition. A stoma is a surgically created opening in the body that allows for the diversion of bodily waste. While the idea of living with a stoma may initially seem daunting, it’s essential to recognize that modern medical advancements have greatly improved stoma care and management techniques. With proper education, support, and access to resources, individuals living with a stoma can lead fulfilling and active lives. Patients and their caregivers must become familiar with stoma care procedures, including how to effectively clean and maintain the stoma and manage any potential complications.
Frequently Asked Questions about Stomas
Why do people need stomas?
Stomas may be necessary for various reasons, including Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, bowel obstructions, or cancer. They can also be used in some birth defects in the digestive or urinary systems.
Are there different types of stomas?
Yes, there are three main types of stomas: colostomy (on the colon), ileostomy (on the small intestine), and urostomy (on the urinary tract). The specific type depends on which part of the body needs to have waste diverted and why.
How long does it take to recover from stoma surgery?
The recovery time varies depending on individual health conditions and circumstances. Generally, the stoma site takes about six weeks to heal completely.
Will I still be able to participate in physical activities with a stoma?
Yes, you can continue doing most physical activities even with a stoma. It may take some adjustments and precautions, but many people with stomas lead active lives and even engage in sports.
Will having a stoma affect my diet?
Having a stoma should not significantly impact your regular diet; however, depending on which part of your digestive system has undergone surgery, you may need to make some changes. Your doctor will advise you on any dietary modifications needed.
How do I maintain hygiene with a stoma?
Proper hygiene around your stoma is essential for preventing infections and irritation of the skin surrounding it. As instructed by your healthcare provider, you should clean your stoma regularly using warm water and mild soap.
